Ancient Roman architects had a huge amount of talent and created some truly impressive wonders. The arch features predominantly in all kinds of designs, from infrastructure like aqueducts to residences and commercial architecture too. It shows how much of an understanding they had of the basic physics involved with the construction and the fact that the shape offered the perfect amount of stability.
One of the most impressive architectural feats from Ancient Rome is the Pantheon. The building is a very popular tourist attraction because of its incredible design and long history. The current structure dates back to between 118 and 128. It is tricky to get an exact date because a portico from the original building on the site with an inscription from Marcus Agrippa was reused. In any case it has stood for almost 1,900 years.
The Pantheon is an undeniable feat of architecture. It remains the largest un-reinforced dome in the world made from concrete. Where other structures feature supports the 43 metre high, 43 metre across dome has none. This was achieved because the architects knew that the structure needed to strike the perfect balance between the construction materials and gravity. To do this it redirects forces effectively and offers great stability.
The architects behind the Pantheon understood the significance of choosing the right materials and selecting design touches to counteract the forces on them. With the dome they used heavier concrete near the base to deliver the strength and support that was necessary. They changed to a lighter mix for near the top of the structure to reduce the forces at the top of the structure. Additional reinforcement rings were added for even more stability.
The same insights the architects from that era had are still utilised today, with people understanding the physics involved to ensure that structures are stable and durable. The difference is they are now armed with far more resources and tools. Next time you look at an arch or a domed property, remember the ancient examples and the great effort that went in to creating them. It will give you a new appreciation of their form and longevity.